污染排放、技术效率与农业用水方式转变

摘要

将农业污染排放纳入评价体系,使用SBM-Undesirable超效率模型,比较分析了2011—2013年污染排放变量引入前后我国农业用水效率的变动状况. 研究表明:污染排放对农业用水效率存在显著影响. 污染排放变量的引入降低了大多数省份农业用水效率;大范围提高了农业水资源利用的纯技术效率;降低了大多数省份农业水资源利用的规模效率;减少了农业水资源利用规模收益递增的省份数量. 根据农业水资源浪费程度与污染排放水平,污染排放约束下我国各省份农业用水效率的冗余模式呈现出3种类型. 我国农业水资源利用亟需转变利用方式,减少农业污染排放,提高农业生态用水效率.%Taking agricultural water pollutant emission into the evaluation system, this paper uses the SBM-Undesirable super efficiency model to calculate the changes of agricultural water use efficiency be-fore and after the introduction of the Variable of pollution emissions in China during the year 2011-2013. The results indicate that:pollution emission has a significant impact on the agricultural water use efficien-cy.The introduction of pollution emission variable reduces the agricultural water use efficiency in most provinces;largely improves the pure technical efficiency of agricultural water utilization, reduces the scale efficiency of agricultural water resource utilization in most provinces, and reduces the number of provinces of agricultural water resource utilization increasing return.According to the degree of waste of agricultural water resource and pollution emission, the redundant patterns of agricultural water use effi-ciency in different regions of China show three types.In the future, the use of agricultural water re-sources in China needs to change the way of utilization, reduce agricultural pollution emission, and im-prove the ecological efficiency of agricultural water utilization.