This paper constructs an index system to evaluate rural household’ s livelihood capitals and u-ses it to study on the 339 rural households survey data from Jujia Town of Changwu County in Shaanxi Province by the entropy theory. It also analyzes the spatial character of village level livelihoods’ capitals through Moran’ s Index. It finds:the social capital, finance capital, and human capital are relatively im-portant, and physical capital is least important;the level of livelihood capital is low, especially to physi-cal capital and nature capital, which is the key obstacle to improving the level of rural households’ liveli-hood;human capital is a main source of inequality in different rural households’ livelihood;there is spa-tial-autocorrelation of living capitals, and among the five living capitals, the spatial autocorrelation of hu-man capital is positive and significant, nature capital, physical capital and finance capital are also posi-tive but non-significant, and social capital is negative and non-significant. Therefore, it should be prior to invest human capital especially non-agricultural skill if targeting to the household level anti-poverty, and it should consider comprehensively the five living capital and their spatial differentiation if targeting to the village level anti-poverty.%建构农户可持续生计资本评价体系，采用熵权法测算了陕西省长武县巨家镇339个农户生计资本，并借助莫兰指数分析了调查区村级户均生计资本的空间聚集特征。发现：调查区农户社会资本、金融资本、人力资本相对重要性突出，物质资本相对重要性最低；农户生计资本得分整体偏低，特别是物质资本、自然资本已是当地农户生计改善的短板；人力资本是户际生计不平等的重要来源；村级户均生计资本存在空间自相关，其中人力资本存在统计上显著的正相关性，自然资本、物质资本、金融资本存在统计上不显著的正自相关性，社会资本则存在统计上不显著的负自相关性。因此，针对农户层面的扶贫要优先实施以非农技能培训为代表的人力资本投资；针对村级层面的扶贫必须综合考虑五种生计资本存量及其空间异分特征。
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