监督与管理：遗产资源保护与开发的制度性监督机制构建研究

摘要

The contradiction between protection and development of heritage resources is a hot issue in recent years and most scholars try to find the answer from the management system reform. Starting from the concept of supervision and management, this paper discusses connotation and relationship of supervision and management of heritage resources, points out management is the technical means to achieve the goal of protecting the heritage resources while supervision is to evaluate and urge the effect of various means. In the current laws and regulations system for the protection and development of heritage resources in China, there is serious lack of institutional supervision mechanism, the actual supervision falls in the hands of the local government and the public supervision is only a talk. This situation in China is the cause of the contradiction between the protection and development system of heritage resources. It is suggested to construct the supervision system for protecting and developing heritage resources from the viewpoint of law: set up an independent watchdog supervision committee for heritage resources and provincial branches, carry out leveled and classified supervision to heritage resources, and supervise the market behavior in the process of developing heritage resources.%遗产资源的保护与开发之间的矛盾是近年来讨论的热点问题，大多数学者试图从管理体制改革上找到答案。文章从监督与管理概念入手，探讨了遗产资源监督与管理的内涵及关系，指出管理是为了实现遗产资源的目标而采取各种技术手段，而监督则是对各种手段的执行效果进行评价和督促。在我国遗产资源保护与开发的现行法规体系中，表现出制度性监督机制的严重缺位、实际监督权利落在了地方政府的手中、“全民”监督也只是一纸空文的现状是造成我国遗产资源保护与开发之间矛盾的制度缘由。从法的高度构建遗产资源保护与开发制度性监督体系：成立独立的监督机构遗产资源监督委员会及省级分会、对遗产资源实行分级和分类的监督、对遗产资源开发过程中的市场行为进行监督。