川西平原香樟林和香椿林中小型土壤动物群落结构特征

摘要

[Objective]The objective of this study was to explore the influence of two artificial forests on the diversity of soil fauna in the West Sichuan Plain.[Method]Two typical plantations of C.camphora,T.sinensis and adjacent open space were selected in the western Sichuan plain.The samples of litter layer,0～10 cm and 10～20 cm soil layers were collected and Tullgren method was used to isolate and identify soil fauna.Community structure and functional guilds characteristics of soil fauna were analyzed.[Results]A total of 348 soil animal species were found under the three land use patterns,belonging to 7 orders and 13 families.There were 11 groups in C.camphora stand and 13 groups in T.sinensis stand.The dominant groups were mainly Acarina.There were only three groups in the space plots.Compared with the space plots,both C.camphora and T.sinensis had relatively rich diversity of soil animal.However,compared with C.camphora stand,the soil animal diversity of T.sinensis was higher and the dominant groups were more obvious.According to the feeding analysis,the quantity of soil animals showed an order of saprozoic＞omnivores＞phytophage＞predators＞fungivorous.ANOVA analysis showed that the diversity of soil animal community was significantly different among the three land use types(P＜0.05).The Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index of soil animal in T.sinensis was relatively high compared to other land types(P＜0.05)and the Pielou evenness index was lower than that of the open space.All in all,the diversity of soil animal exhibited as T.sinensis＞C.camphora＞open space.[Conclusion]These results indicate that the establishment of plantation may,to some extent,increase soil fauna and alter the distribution and structure of soil fauna.However,such effect was dependent on forest types.%[目的]了解川西平原两种常见人工林植被模式对土壤动物多样性的影响规律.[方法]在川西平原典型区域选取香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)林和香椿(Toona sinensis)林2种常见人工林植被模式,以林旁空地为对照,采用干漏斗法(Tullgren)分离并鉴定土壤动物.调查了凋落物层、0～10 cm土层以及10～20 cm土层土壤动物群落结构及其同功能种团特征.[结果]调查发现3种土地利用模式下共捕获土壤动物348只,分属7目13科,香樟林中包含11个类群,香椿林中包含13个类群,两者优势类群均主要为蜱螨目土壤动物,在空地中仅存在3个类群;相对于空地,香樟林和香椿林具有相对丰富的土壤动物多样性;但相对于香樟林,香椿林的土壤动物多样性较高(P＜0.05),且优势类群更为明显.依据同功能种团的理论,调查捕获的土壤动物数量依次为腐食性＞杂食性＞植食性＞捕食性.方差分析表明,3种模式对土壤动物群落多样性均有显著影响(P＜0.05).香椿林土壤动物Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数均较高(P＜0.05),具有较高的多样性和优势度,且Pielou指数也仅次于空地.综合来看,土壤动物多样性表现为香椿林＞香樟林＞空地.[结论]人工林植被的构建可以一定程度上增加土壤动物类群,改变土壤动物分布特征及其同功能种团的结构,但受到林木类型的显著影响.