二元结构、人口流动对城乡收入差距的影响

摘要

The priority development policy of city has intensified the acute urban-rural dual structure in China, and the rural population migration to cities has taken away large amounts of high grade resources from countryside. According to the data from 1996 to 2011, we establish a cointegration equation of urban-rural income gap, per capita investment in fixed assets, human capital and population migration. The research finds that the most influential factor that broadens the urban-rural income gap is the difference of human capital, followed by the difference of urban-rural investment in fixed assets and population migration. It follows that policies of encouraging the urban assets and human resources to go to rural areas should be established to narrow the big urban-rural income gap.%中国城市偏向的发展政策强化了原本就严重的“城乡二元结构”，乡村人口流动带走了乡村大量的优质资源。该文利用1996-2011年数据，构建城乡收入差距、城乡人均固定资产投资差异、城乡人力资本差异和人口流动的协整方程，得出：人力资本差异对城乡收入差距影响最大，其次是固定资产投资的城乡差异，而人口流动也扩大了城乡差距。因此，要构建引导城市资本、人才向农村流动的政策，以缩小日益严重的城乡收入差距。