“错案”一词在不同群体间的概念反射不同，理论界和实务界对“错案”的界定逻辑混乱、众说纷纭，各地也没有一个统一的标准。实现错案追究制度的设计初衷，对“错案”的定义或者标准这一前提性概念进行合理的界定非常关键。剖析“错案”一词称谓的由来以及专家学者对于“错案”标准的界定与认知，现实中存在的界定偏差。通过分析“事实认定错”、“结果错”、“程序错”、“当事人权益受损之错”四种主要类型的错案的审查标准，界定错案的要件。%Without a unified standard, the phrase “Misjudged Case” has different interpretations among different groups. The purpose to create a “Misjudged CaseInvestigation System” is crucial to standardize the definition of misjudged cases. This paper traces the origin of how this phrase got its name, analyses its definition given by experts, and points out its deviation in reality. By investigating the four major types of misjudged cases, namely, “wrong evidence”, “wrong conclusion”, “wrong process”, and “damage of interests to the people concerned”, the author analyses elements to reconstruct a misjudged case.
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