基于斜发沸石的节水灌溉条件下水稻生长、产量及水分利用效率研究

摘要

为了缓解节水灌溉方式下水稻土氮肥流失严重现状,提高氮肥利用效率,本研究将斜发沸石作为土壤改良剂引入到水稻节水灌溉中,以水稻品种“千重浪2号”为试材,采用裂区试验设计,以沸石量为主区、灌溉方式为副区,对不同灌溉方式与沸石量下水稻生长、产量及水分利用效率进行了研究。结果表明：与常规淹灌(W0)相比,能量调控灌溉(W1)、干湿交替灌溉(W2)处理下叶面积指数均有所降低；施沸石处理(Z1)叶面积指数均高于未施沸石处理(Z0),且W1处理下增加较显著。W1与W0处理地上部干重差异不大,均高于W2处理；Z1处理地上部干重高于Z0,W1Z1处理地上部干重最高。与W0处理相比,W1处理显著提高产量,增产10.73%；W2处理显著降低产量,减产16.18%；Z1处理产量显著高于Z0处理,产量提高5.32%,且灌溉方式与沸石量对产量存在显著交互作用,W2Z0处理产量最低,W1Z1处理产量最高。 W1、W2处理水分利用效率分别比W0处理高29.65%和9.30%, Z1处理水分利用效率比Z0处理高9.14%,灌溉方式与沸石量对水分利用效率交互作用不显著,W1Z1处理水分利用效率最高。灌溉方式极显著影响有效穗数与每穗粒数,显著影响千粒重；沸石量极显著影响有效穗数,显著影响每穗粒数,且相关分析表明,有效穗数、每穗粒数与产量呈极显著正相关。说明W1Z1处理下水稻产量及水分利用效率均较高,可作为水稻节水高效管理的一种参考。%In order to alleviate serious nitrogen loss under water-saving irrigation in paddy field and improve the nitrogen use efficiency, clinoptilolite was incorporated into water-saving irrigation in rice production as a soil amendment. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with zeolite application rates as the main plot and irrigation regimes as the sub-plot to investigate the effect of irrigation regimes and zeolite application on rice growth, grain yield and water use efficiency. The rice variety used was"Qianchonglang 2".Results showed that leaf area index under energy controlled irrigation(W1) and alternate wetting and drying irrigation(W2) were both significantly lower than that under flood irrigation (W0). Zeolite significantly improvedleaf area index when compared to no zeolite amendment, especially under irrigation W1. There existed no significant difference in the shoot dry matterbetween W1 and W0, while both were significantly higher than W2. The shoot dry matter under Z1 was increased when compared to Z0. And the shoot dry matter of W1Z1 was the highest. Compared with W0, grain yield under W1 was improved significantly, increasing by 10.73%;while grain yield under W1 was decreased notably, reducing by 16.18%. Grain yield was significantly 5.32%higher under Z1 than that under Z0. There was a significant interaction effect between irrigation regimes and zeoliteapplication on yield. W2Z0 treatment had the lowest grain yield and the highest grain yield was obtained with W1Z1 treatment. Water use efficiencyunder W1 and W2 were increased by 29.65% and 9.30% relative to W0, respectively.Water use efficiencyunder Z1 was increased by 9.14% compared with that under Z0. There was no significant interaction effect between irrigation regimes and zeolite application on water use efficiency. The W1Z1 treatment had the highestwater use efficiency. The irrigation regimes affected the effective panicles and grain number per panicle highly significantly, 1000-grain weight was influenced by irrigation regimes significantly. The zeolite influenced the effective panicles highly significantly and grain number per panicle significantly. The correlation analysis indicated that the effective panicles and grain number per panicle had a highly significant positive correlation with grain yield. It was concluded that the W1Z1 treatment can achieve a higher rice yield and water use efficiency. And it could be used as a reference for the water-saving and efficient management of rice production.