骑士文学的“名”与“实”

摘要

“骑士文学”这一在我国学界长期通行的术语近年来遭到一些学者的质疑或摈弃。文章考察了西方学界的相关研究，追溯了“骑士文学”在我国学界产生和流传的历史，力图维护“骑士文学”的合理性；同时对前人的成果进行修正，尝试给予“骑士文学”一个较严密而更具可操作性的界定，即骑士文学盛行于中世纪中后期的西欧，是骑士制度兴盛时期的产物，它以骑士为主人公，表现骑士精神或发抒骑士情愫；主要包括三种样式，即骑士抒情诗、骑士叙事诗和骑士小说。%The term “Chivalric Literature” which has been current for a long time in Chinese academic community is subjected to question recently. The paper examines the relevant studies in western academic circles, traces the use of “Chivalric Literature” in Chinese academic circles, and explores the background of this literary phenomenon, in order to maintain the term’s reasonableness. Furthermore, this paper amends predecessors’ achievements, and then attempts to define this term more strictly: Chivalric Literature prevailed in western Europe from middle period to latter period of the Middle Ages, arising from the flourish of Chivalry; its hero is usually a knight, and it embodies Chivalry or expresses knights’ emotions, including three major genres, namely Chivalric Lyric, Chivalric Epic and Chivalric Novel.