改革开放以来中国公民政治权利的新发展

摘要

Since launching reform and opening up, the new progress with Chinese Citizens＇ pohtical rights has been primarily manifested in the transition from formal pohtical participation to real political participation. This transition is based on the optimization of the structure of citizens＇ pohtical rights, on the transformation of the functions of citizens＇ pohtical rights, and on the establishment of the legal system. The optimization of the structure finds expression in the development of the extensive, autonomous and equal participation of citizens, in the enrich- ment of citizens＇ pohtical rights. The supporting functions of citizens＇ political rights have transformed into restric- tive ones. The resumption and development of the system of people＇s congresses, the introduction of the pohcy on ruhng the country by law, and the improvement of the system for parties have provided guarantees for the achievement of citizens＇ pohtical rights.%改革开放以来，中国公民政治权利的新发展主要体现在公民从形式参与向实质参与的转变。这一转变以公民政治权利结构的优化、功能的转型和法律制度的建立健全等三个方面为基础。结构优化表现为公民政治权利主体的广泛性、自主性、平等性得到发展以及公民政治权利内容的丰富，公民政治权利的功能逐渐趋于完善，人民代表大会制度的恢复与发展、依法治国方略的确立以及政党制度的完善等都为公民政治权利的实现提供了切实的保障。