以冬小麦93-4736为材料,采用2450 MHz频率下,不同功率及时间的微波对种子进行预处理,比较了不同处理对小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,并采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术分析了不同处理组幼苗叶片中过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)同工酶酶谱的变化情况.结果表明,微波预处理不仅有短期效应(影响了种子萌发),还表现出长期效应(对幼苗生长、生化代谢及生物最的积累产生影响).低功率(30％)预处理对种子萌发起促进作用,其中,50 s处理组显著优于对照组(P＜0.05)；高功率(50％ ～ 80％)则起抑制作用,且抑制作用随微波功率及处理时间的增加而增强,80％功率处理50 s,种子完全失去萌发能力.30％功率预处理提高了小麦幼苗叶片POD,SOD同工酶的活性,其中,50 s处理组的酶活性最高；50％和80％功率抑制了SOD和POD的活性,抑制作用随功率和时间的增加而增强,在80％功率下预处理50 s时,POD同工酶基因的表达受到显著抑制(有2条酶带消失).同时,30％功率预处理30,50 s时,显著提高了幼苗株高及生物量(P＜0.05)；80％功率及50％功率预处理50 s,使株高及生物量显著降低(P＜0.05).这为阐明微波对生物体的作用机制及微波辐射在农业上的应用提供了一定的理论依据.%In present study, seeds of winter wheat 93-4736 were exposed to microwave irradiation (2 450 MHz frequency, 30% ~ 80% power, 10 ~ 50 seconds). Seed germination and seedling development were recorded, and patterns of peroxidase ( POD ) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were analyzed as well by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresist PACE ). The results showed thai microwave pretreatment presented not only short-term effects hut also long-term influences where seed germination capability and the seedling development, biochemistry metabolism and biomass changed compared to those of the control. Germination rate and growth vigor increased under 30% power treatments, within them, 50 s showed the most favorable effects than control (P < 0.05); 50% ~ 80% power presented negative effects and the higher power the worse effects, so was the longer duration, and seeds could not germinate under 80% power, 50 s treatment. In seedling leaves, POD and SOD activities both were improved in 30% power pretreatment groups, and 50 seconds' group showed the highpst enzyme activities. Pretreatment with 50% and 80% power decreased both POD and SOD activity, and the higher power and longer duration presented more negative effects. It was showed that 80% power pretreatment inhibited the expression of POD isozyme genes where two bands were missing expressed compared to the control. Meanwhile, seedling height and biomass significantly increased with 30% power pretreated for 30, 50 s (P< 0.05) and they decreased significantly under 80% power pretreatment groups (P<0.05). The Present study has benefits in the elucidation of mechanisms underlying the effects of microwave on organisms, and in the application of microwave in agriculture, as well.
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