Bacillus thuringiensis营养期杀虫蛋白Vip3与其转基因植物研究进展

摘要

苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)是目前应用最多的生物杀虫剂.它能够产生多种杀虫因子,其中,最主要的是杀虫晶体蛋白(Insecticidal Crystal Proteins,ICPs)和营养期杀虫蛋白(Vegetative insecticidal protein,Vip).当前,大部分商业化利用的转基因作物均为杀虫晶体蛋白类,随着这些转基因作物种植面积的扩大,害虫对这些较为单一的杀虫蛋白产生抗性已成为一个严峻的问题.Vip3是Vip杀虫蛋白中的一类,不形成蛋白晶体,和ICPs在进化上没有同源性；其对鳞翅目、鞘翅目和同翅目等害虫具有毒杀作用,抗虫谱较广.目前,已经把Vip3基因导入了水稻、玉米和棉花等多种作物中,为作物抗虫育种、延缓害虫产生抗性和减少作物产量损失等带来新的前景.%Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)is a bacteria that the most widely used as biological insecticides. It could produce several insecticidal factors, including Insecticidal Crystal Proteins(ICPs), and Vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip). Most of the insecticidal proteins in current commercial transgenic crops are ICPs. As the transgenic crop area is expanding, the resistance of insect pests to the ICPs has become a serious problem. Vip3. A type of Vip, does not form protein crystals, and shares no sequence homology with the ICPs. Vip3 exhibits a broader insecticidal spectrum,including Lepidopteran, Coleopteran and Homopteran insects. At present, the genetically modified crops with Vip3 gene, such as rice, corn and cotton, have been developed. When the transgenic crops with Vip3 are commercially available, Vip3 would play a vital role in crop insect-resistance breeding, resistance delay of insect to ICPs and reduce crop yield loss.