长期氮磷化肥和有机肥配施对褐土钾素平衡及不同形态的影响

摘要

通过连续20a的氮磷化肥与有机肥配施的定位试验,研究了氮磷化肥与有机肥配施对褐土耕层土壤钾素平衡、各形态钾素含量及其在全钾中的比例和全钾含量的影响.结果表明,单施氮磷化肥或与有机肥配施都可以增加作物产量,提高作物地上部对土壤钾素的吸收；土壤钾素除单施高量有机肥处理有所盈余外,其余处理都表现为亏缺,且随着有机肥施用量的增加,土壤钾素的亏缺量减少；只施用氮磷化肥处理,随着氮磷化肥施用量的增加,水溶性钾和非交换性钾含量呈先上升后下降的趋势,其他钾素形态含量变化无明显规律,水溶性钾、非交换性钾和矿物钾在全钾中的比例呈先下降后上升的趋势；氮磷化肥与有机肥配施处理,随着有机肥施用量的增加,钾素各种形态含量以及水溶性钾、非特殊吸附钾和特殊吸附钾比例均随有机肥施用量的增加呈上升趋势,矿物钾的比例则呈下降趋势,非交换性钾变化规律不明显.长期氮磷化肥与有机肥配施可以减缓土壤全钾含量的消耗.%Based on the experiment by 20 consecutive years of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizations with organic fertilizer on the cinnamon soil, the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer with organic fertilizer on the tilth soil potassium balance, content and proportion of K was studied. The results show that all treatments could increase crop yield and improve potassium absorption of the aerial crop. In single applied high quantity organic fertilizer treatment, soil potassium was surplus and the others deficit. With the increase of organic manure, profit and loss of soil potassium reduced. In the only nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer treatments, water soluble K and non-exchangeahle K content increased and then declined with the increase of nitrogen and phosphorus chemical fertilizer. Potassium contents of other forms showed no obvious change. In complex nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer with organic fertilizer treatments, potassium content of various forms showed ascendant with the increase of organic fertilizer. In the only nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer treatments, the proportions of water soluble K, non-exchangeable K and mineral K in total potassium declined first and later increased with the increase of nitrogen and phosphorus chemical fertilizer. In complex nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer with organic fertilizer treatments, water soluble K, the proportions of non-specifically adsorbed K and specially adsorbed K showed ascendant with the increase of organic manure, but mineral K ratio decreased. Non-exchangeable K change rule was not obvious. Long-term nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer with organic fertilization could also slow down the soil total potassium content consumption.