我国城市全民健身志愿服务概观与创新发展研究

摘要

Using the methods of literature,field survey and comparative study,the author conducted a case study on the national fitness voluntary services in China by taking by Shanghai,Wuhan and Nanjing as an example from the three dimensions of government,organization and service.Research suggests that the governmental active promotion and multilateral support are given to the service;the organization level increases unceasingly,with various organizations actively participating in it;com-munity service plays a great role in carrying out the daily fitness and mass sports competitions.The problems mainly lie in the unfavorable social environment,the absence and overrun of government, defective organizations and poor service level.Innovation and development strategies should include:First,to change the role of government by steering direct control to boot support,including the de-velopment of voluntary culture,fostering fitness voluntary service organizations,to establish an in-centive mechanism and improve the legal system,etc.Second is to strengthen volunteer service fit-ness organizational capacity building and strengthening the independence,including improving gov-ernance structure,strengthening the credibility construction,building human resources team,raising financing capability and expanding funding sources,building fitness volunteer service organization u-nion;the third is to innovate public satisfaction -oriented service mechanism,including providing public services satisfactory to the public,trying projectifying operation and enhancing service capa-bilities,creating service brands to expand its influence,participating in international exchanges and learning from foreign experience.%运用文献资料、案例分析、实地调查与访谈等研究方法，以沪宁汉三城市案例，从政府、组织、服务三个维度对我国全民健身志愿服务进行研究。研究认为我国全民健身志愿服务的现状为：政府积极倡导，多方支持；组织化程度不断提高，各类组织积极参与；以社区为重心开展日常健身与群众性体育竞赛服务。而社会环境不利、政府越位与缺位并存、组织发育不全、服务水平不高是主要问题。创新发展的策略应包括：一是政府转变角色，从直接领导控制转向引导支持，内容包括发展志愿文化、培育组织、建立激励机制及完善法律制度等；二是加强全民健身志愿服务组织能力建设，增强独立性，内容包括完善治理结构、加强公信力建设、建设人力资源队伍、提高资金筹措能力与拓展资金来源、构建全民健身志愿服务组织联盟；三是以公众满意度为导向，创新服务机制，内容包括提供公众喜欢和期望的服务项目与形式、尝试项目化运作并提升服务能力、创建服务品牌以扩大影响、参与国际交流和借鉴国外经验。