基于能量预算的无线传感器网络生命周期分析

摘要

由于传感器节点无线发射能力有限，节点监测到的数据以多跳、转发的方式传输给网关节点 sink，靠近网关的节点相对于其他外围节点会转发更多的数据和信息，这将会消耗更多的能量，从而导致它们的电量提前耗尽使整个网络生命终结，即产生“能量空洞”现象。为避免这种不期望的结果发生，基于节点数据流量负载，我们尝试采用多电池级别的供应策略重新调整网络节点的能量分配，从而最大化网络的生命周期。通过理论分析和模拟仿真，来验证这种方案的有效性。%Due to the limited transmission range,data sensed by each sensor has to be forwarded in a multi -hop fashion before being delivered to the sink.The sensors closer to the sink have to forward comparatively more messages than sensors at the periphery of the network,and will deplete their batteries earlier,which makes the wireless networks expire.This is called the “energy hole”problem.To alleviate this undesired effect and maximize the useful lifetime of the network,we investigate the energy consumption of different tiers and the effect of multiple battery levels,and demonstrate an attractively simple scheme to redistribute the total energy budget in multiple battery levels by data traffic load.We show by theoretical analysis,as well as simulation,that this substantially improves the network lifetime.