我国建筑能耗总量逐年上升，在能源总消耗量中所占比例越来越大。由于存在既要满足众多使用者对舒适的需求，同时又要满足能耗最小化这一矛盾，使得建筑能耗管理问题变得愈发复杂。文章分析了建筑本体空间形态、维护结构的热工性能、设备能效和运行控制策略，以及建筑使用者的行为状态等影响建筑运行能耗的主要因素；阐述了能耗反馈、减少用电设备待机能耗、合理安排用电设备工作时间、对用电设备进行优化控制等降低建筑运行能耗的主动节能技术；综述了与建筑使用者相关的需求侧节能的关键技术，即通过室内空间感知获取能耗、环境和情境这三类室内空间状态信息，将能量踪迹和用户踪迹信息融合，恰当地描述特定室内环境下的用能特征，从需求侧评估建筑能耗的合理性，进而精确辨识能源浪费的原因。文章展望了我国未来建筑节能技术的发展方向。%Building energy consumption in China has increased year by year and the proportion in the total energy consumption is growing.Because there exists a conflicting goal,which is to meet the comfort needs of a large number of users while minimizing energy consumption,the problem of building energy consumption management has become increasingly complex.This paper analyzes the main factors affecting the building energy consumption,such as space form of the building,thermal performance of the maintenance structure,energy efficiency of equipment and its control strategy,and building user’s behavior.It then expounds general active energy-saving technology,such as energy consumption feedback, reducing electricity equipment standby power consumption, reasonable arrangement of electric equipment’s working time,and optimizing control of the electrical equipment. The paper reviews the key technologies of demand side energy-saving related to building users, namely,by acquiring three types’ data of indoor space state, that is, energy consumption, environment and context,to obtain and fuse the energy footprint and occupant’s footprint,then builds a proper characterization of energy consumption in an environment to evaluate the rationality of building energy consumption from the demand side,and identify accurately the main causes of wastes, and finally,proposes the prospect of building energy-saving technology in China.
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