工人作为群体从自在阶级到自为阶级，进而作为整体与国家的冲突是马克思主义对于西方社会演进历程的经典解释。但从经验研究的角度对于西方国家工人运动历程的考察中，提出了有差别的解释模式。国家中心论者认为国家在与工人的冲突过程中并非被动的角色，相反，国家力图影响工人运动的形式和内容，迫使工人接受并被吸纳进国家控制的政治议程中。中国理论界在试图解释社会冲突增多的现实时受马克思主义和规范社会理论影响，偏向于从宏观和应然角度描述冲突模式，而忽略了从实证和中观层次解释经验现实。%Workers as a group from the comfortable classes to self-class, and then a Marxist interpretation of the evolution of the classic western society as a whole, with the country’s conflict. But from the point of view of the empirical research for the course of the investigation of the workers' movement in western countries there is a difference of interpretation mode. National Center for commentators have suggested that the role of the state in the course of the conflict with the workers are not passive, on the contrary, countries attempt to influence the form and content of the workers’ movement, forcing workers to accept was to absorb into the state-controlled political a-genda. Chinese theoretical circles in trying to explain the reality of increased social conflict, social theory, Marxism and norms tend to describe the conflict from the perspective of macro and ought mode, while ignoring the reality of experience from empirical and meso-level explanation. This paper reviews the literature on the part of the Chinese workers' movement, valuable theoretical perspective com-ments.
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