大型浮顶储罐雷击火灾事故机理分析

摘要

近年来,大型浮顶储罐多次发生雷击火灾事故,严重影响了石化企业的安全运行.通过对大型浮顶储罐密封结构进行剖析,分析储罐油气泄漏规律及密封设施运行中存在的问题,提出储罐运行中可燃气分布规律.结合储罐雷击形式及火花放电危害的研究,提出了大型浮顶储罐雷击火灾事故机理,认为导静电片、机械密封是雷击火灾的主要点火源,密封设施的失效是造成可燃气积聚的主要原因,并提出防护建议,为大型浮顶储罐防雷击安全运行提供了一定的指导意义.%In recent Years, lightning strike and fire accidents have occurred several times on the large floating roof tank. The leakproof structure of the large floating roof storage, the oil and gas leak law, and the problems in the operation of the seal facility were analyzed, then the mechanism of lighting fire accidents for the large floating storage tank were put forward. It showed that static conductive film and mechanical seal were the main ignition sources of the lighting fire accidents, and the failure of the seal facilities mainly caused the fuel gas accumulating. At last, some recommendations on defence were raised.