To study the problem of refrigerant leakage existing in the long-time running of high pressure exhaust pipe and low pressure suction pipe in the ammonia refrigeration compressor,taking a ammonia refrigerating machine room as the research object,the simulation calculation on the continuous leakage of small hole was carried out by using the computational fluid dy-namics (CFD). The diffusion characteristics of ammonia with the leakage directions of vertical upward,horizontal leeward and horizontal windward were studied,and the influence of the leakage directions on the installation positions of alarm and the flammable and explosive areas was analyzed. The results showed that when the leakage directions of high pressure exhaust pipe were the vertical upward and horizontal leeward,the diffusion area of ammonia was larger. When the leakage direction of low pressure suction pipe was the horizontal windward,the diffusion area of ammonia was much larger than those of the other two kinds. The ammonia concentrations at the points of 1,2 and 4 increased rapidly with a high concentration level,which were more suitable for the arrangement of the alarm. The leakage with the direction of horizontal windward was more danger-ous in the leakage of whether the high pressure pipe or the low pressure pipe.%为研究氨制冷压缩机高压排气口管道和低压吸气管道在长期运行中存在的冷媒泄漏问题,以某氨制冷机房为研究对象,采用计算流体力学(CFD)进行小孔持续泄漏模拟计算,研究了垂直向上、水平背风和水平迎风方向泄漏时氨气的扩散特性,以及泄漏方向对报警器安装位置和易燃易爆区域的影响.研究结果表明:高压排气管道的泄漏方向为垂直向上和水平背风时,氨气扩散面积更大;低压吸气管道的泄漏方向为水平迎风时,氨气扩散区域远大于其他两种情形;点1,2和4处的氨气浓度增长速度快,浓度水平高,更有适合布置警报器;无论是高压管道还是低压管道泄漏,沿水平迎风方向泄漏时,危险性都更高.
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