我国水土保持生态技术发展初步分析

摘要

分析学术研究与技术应用的发展,是我国水土保持生态技术技术辨识和评价的重要基础工作.近年来在学术研究与技术应用发展的分析工具中,文献计量统计方法和Citespace等可视化工具得到广泛应用.为分析我国水土保持生态技术进展,本文基于CNKI的中文研究文献(1985年1月至2017年3月)与专利数据(2002年1月至2017年2月),利用Citespace软件进行了初步研究.统计表明,约2002年后研究文献发表量、2010年后专利发明量迅速增加.Citespace的节点分析结果显示:1.该领域研究机构、研究团队和研究的兴趣指向偏于分散,目前尚未形成强的学科中心,机构间合作也较弱.2.水土流失严重的西部省区专利发明量远少于江苏、北京、山东、广东等东部省市.3.技术措施方面,主要的相对热点为植被恢复、生态护坡、保护性耕作等;研究区域方面是黄土高原、石漠化地区、干热河谷等;应用领域方面是高速公路、边坡、坡耕地等.4.研究热点主要在2002年文献量突增后的数年出现,但近5年来除石漠化外,尚无新的热点.建议下一步开展水土保持生态技术的技术辨识和评价工作,可聚焦于前述技术措施、重点区域和应用领域.%Analysis of the development of research and technical application is a critical basis for the identification and evaluation for suitable soil and water conservation ecological technology (SWCET) in China.Among instruments for analyzing the development of research and technical application,bibliometric statistics and visualization tools such as CiteSpace have been widely applied.To analyze the domestic development of SWCET,we applied CiteSpace to the CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) database on Chinese research literature (from Jan 1985 to Mar 2017) and patents (Jan 2002 to Feb 2017).The circulation of research after 2002 and quantity of patents after 2010 increased rapidly.Research institutions,people and interests were dispersed,a strong center of research has not been formed and cooperation among research institutions is weak.The number of patented inventions in western regions of China suffering serious soil erosion is far lower than that in eastern regions such as Jiangsu,Beijing,Shandong and Guangdong.Vegetation restoration,ecological slope protection and protective cultivation are relative hotspots according to technical measures:the Loess Plateau,stony desertification (area) and dry-hot valley according to research area,and expressway,side slope and sloping cropland according to application area.Research hotspots mainly appeared several years after the number of published papers increased in 2002.In the past five years,only stony desertification has emerged as a focus.We argue that further studies on the identification and evaluation of SWCET should be focused on certain technical measures,regions and areas.