资源环境承载力研究:从单要素承载力研究走向综合研究

摘要

从20世纪初期承载力概念提出,到21世纪作为描述发展限制的重要工具,从理论到实践,资源环境承载力研究走过百年,已成为衡量区域可持续发展的重要判据.本文回顾了资源环境承载力概念的源起以及从土地资源承载力、水资源承载力、环境承载力(环境容量)等单项承载力研究向资源环境承载力综合评价、能值分析、生态足迹等综合研究的发展进程.总体而言,综合研究在资源环境承载力研究中的地位将日趋重要.然而,综合研究尚存一些不足之处:首先,尽管部分学者试图寻找一套资源环境承载力综合评价标准体系,但目前尚未真正建立;第二,针对开放系统的资源环境承载力评价以及承载力动态性方面的研究亟待加强;第三,资源环境承载力的基础理论、承载机制、阈值率定以及评价结果的客观性、可比性等问题依然需要进一步研究.此外,资源环境承载力研究的标准化、数字化与系统化有待加强,以满足实用化、业务化的国家需求.%As a concept to describe development restrictions, resources and environment carrying capacity (RECC) research has developed over more than 100 years since it was first proposed at the beginning of the 20thcentury. It is now regarded as a significant factor in evaluating the level of cooperation between regional population, resources, and environment; and it is currently used as an effective and operational tool to guide regional sustainable devel-opment. This article first reviews the origin of RECC and its early headway. It then reviews the historical develop-ment of RECC from single factors, such as land resources carrying capacity, water resources carrying capacity and environmental carrying capacity (environmental capacity), to more comprehensive research, such as comprehen-sive evaluation, emergy analysis, and ecological footprint analysis. In general, it appears that comprehensive re-search will become increasingly important in RECC research. However, there are several deficiencies in the current state of comprehensive research. Firstly, comprehensive RECC research lacks a common measurement standard, though some scholars have attempted to create one. Secondly, the RECC evaluation of open systems and dynamic studies should be strengthened. Thirdly, more attention should be paid to standardization, digitalization, and sys-tematization to promote the applicability of RECC research to national practical demands.