Objective: To evaluate the effect of different doses of estradiol on endometrium repair after mechanical injury in rat. Methods: Fifty Wistar female rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group,endometrium injury group,injury+10 μg estradiol group and injury+100 μg estradiol group. The left side of uterine cavity of all rats except the control group was received mechanical scratching. 17-beta estradiol at doses of 0 μg,10 μg,and 100 μg in 100 μl solvent was subcutaneously injected once daily for 7 consecutive days after scratched. After 21 days of injury,all the female rats were mated with male rats. Then the endometrial morphological changes by HE staining and the markers related endometrial receptivity including integrin αvβ3 and interleukin ( LIF ) by immunohistochemistry staining were observed on the 5. 5th day of pregnancy,and counted the number of embryos on both sides of uterine on the 7 th day. Results: On the 5. 5th days of pregnancy,HE staining showed that the numbers of gland and parenchymal cells were decreased,and the fibrosis area was enlarged in the injury group or the injury+100 μg estradiol group. Gland and parenchymal cells were abundant in the control group or the injury +10 μg estradiol group. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that the expressions of integrinαvβ3 and LIF were significantly decreased in all injury groups than those in the control group ( P<0. 05 ) . Among the three injury groups, the expressions of integrin αvβ3 and LIF in the injury+10 μg group were significantly higher than those in the injury group or the injury+100 μg estradiol group (P<0. 05). The LIF expression was significantly decreased in the injury group than that in the injury+100 μg estradiol group ( P<0. 05 ) , while the expression of integrin αvβ3 was not significantly different (P>0. 05). Compared with the control group or self-control side,the numbers of embryos in all the injury groups were significantly reduced on the 7 th day of pregnancy ( P<0. 01 ) . The numbers of embryos were not significantly different among the three injury groups(P>0. 05). Conclusions: Endometrium presents not only morphological changes, but also significantly decreases in receptivity undergoing natural repair after mechanical injury. An appropriate amount of exogenous estradiol can promote endometrium repair and improve the endometrial receptivity. The best effect was at a dose of 10 μg,and high dose of estradiol may lead to decline of endometrial receptivity in rats.%目的：本研究旨在探讨不同剂量的雌激素对大鼠子宫内膜机械损伤后修复的影响。方法选择动情期Wistar雌鼠50只,随机分为正常对照组、损伤组、损伤+10μg雌激素组、损伤+100μg雌激素组。除正常对照组外,对各组大鼠左侧宫腔进行机械搔刮,搔刮后立即皮下注射17β-雌二醇,剂量分别为0μg/100μl、10μg/100μl、100μg/100μl,连续7 d。损伤后21 d合笼交配,见栓后5．5 d通过HE染色观察各组子宫内膜形态改变,免疫组织化学观察各组间容受相关分子整合素αvβ3、白血病抑制因子(LIF)的表达情况,观察见栓后7 d各组间两侧子宫着床点个数。结果(1)孕5．5 d,HE染色可见损伤组和损伤+100μg雌激素组腺体数目明显减少,实质细胞减少,纤维化面积较大；正常对照组和损伤+10μg雌激素组腺体丰富,实质细胞多。(2)免疫组织化学染色可见：损伤各组与正常对照组比较,内膜αvβ3、LIF表达量显著下降( P<0．05)；损伤+10μg组与损伤组、损伤+100μg组比较,αvβ3、LIF表达量显著增多(P<0．05)；损伤组与损伤+100μg组比较,αvβ3表达量无显著性差异(P>0．05),LIF表达量显著减少(P<0．05)。(3)孕7 d,与正常对照组及各组自身对照侧比较,损伤各组损伤侧着床点个数显著减少(P<0．01)；损伤各组间比较,损伤+10μg组着床个数较损伤组、损伤+100μg组稍增多,但无显著性差异(P>0．05)；损伤+100μg组与损伤组比较,着床个数相当,无显著性差异(P>0．05)。结论机械损伤后,子宫内膜在自然修复情况下不仅存在形态结构差异,且容受功能出现明显下降；外源性雌激素干预可在一定程度上促进子宫内膜修复,改善子宫内膜容受功能,其中10μg剂量(相当于大鼠生理剂量)效果最佳,大剂量的雌激素可能导致子宫内膜容受性的下降。
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