三维可视化辅助股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折

摘要

目的 探讨三维可视化(3DV)技术辅助股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)在高龄股骨粗隆间骨折(ITF)的精准化手术中的应用.方法 对姜堰中医院2015年6月至2016年6月11例不稳定型高龄ITF骨折行股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)治疗,所有患者术前行多排螺旋CT容积扫描,将获取得“Dicom”容积扫描数据使用M3D软件在骨窗进行三维重建;基于三维重建数据实施计算机辅助设计(CAD),包括解剖数据测量、骨折复位模拟、股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)植入参数设计,将所得CAD数据通过S-3DV系统在术中适时显示,并指导手术.记录患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院时间及Harris髋关节评分.结果 3DV-PFNA技术的术中PFNA使用与CAD设计值无统计学差异(P＞0.05).与既往常规手术结果比较,3DV-PFNA技术的术前牵引复位时间、手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量等指标占优(P＜0.05),而下地时间、住院时间无统计学差异(P＞0.05).术后1周内3DV-PFNA技术的髋关节Harris功能评分优于常规手术,术后1个月VAS评分无显著性差异,3DV-PFNA技术的11例骨折均愈合良好,3DV-PFNA技术的并发症发生率优于常规手术.结论 3DV可准确构建股骨转子间骨折的原型,设计骨折牵引复位角度,提高手术精度,减少手术时间,达到更佳的手术效果.%Objective To investigate the application of 3 D visualization (3 DV) assisted proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) surgery in the treatment of elderly intertrochanteric fracture (ITF).Methods Totally 11 cases of elderly unstable ITF were treated with 3DV assisted PFNA fixation surgery.All these patients were examined with multi-row spiral CT volume scan,and the anatomical data of Dicom was reconstructed through M3 D software.Computer aided design (CAD) was performed based on 3 D reconstruction data,including anatomical data measurement,fracture reduction simulation,and proximal femoral head nail (PFNA) implant parameter design.And the CAD data were showed by S-3DV system during operation to guide the operation.Time of operation,intra-operative blood lose,post-operative drainage volume,hospital stay time and Harris hip score were recorded and compared to the non-3DV assisted PFNA procedure.Results In 3 DV-PFNA surgery,there was no significant difference between the preoperative planned average PFNA size and the implanted average PFNA size (P ＞ 0.05).Compared to the non-3DV-PFNA surgery,3 DV-PFNA surgery has less intra-operative blood lose and post-operative drainage volume,shorter time of preoperative traction reduction and operation (P ＜ 0.05).Harris hip function score of 3 DV-PFNA surgery was better than the conventional surgery 1 week after operation,and there was no significant difference in VAS score I month after operation.The 11 cases treated with 3DV-PFNA technology were healed well,and the rate of complications was lower than the conventional surgery.Conclusion 3DV technique can show accuracy CAD model of ITF,which may play an important role to improve efficiency and accuracy of PFNA surgery.