针对轨道列车驾驶员的二次碰撞损伤问题,采用非线性显式动力学方法,分别对驾驶员无安全带约束、佩戴两点式腰带和三点式安全带下的列车撞击刚性墙进行数值模拟分析,分析比较驾驶员在这3种情况下身体多部位的损伤情况.研究结果表明:无安全带约束下的驾驶员最终脱离座椅,头部和胸部损伤满足标准要求,颈部损伤接近标准值,而下肢损伤超过了标准值;两点式腰带约束下驾驶员未脱离座椅,改善了颈部和下肢损伤,但加重了头部和胸部损伤,腹部受力超标;三点式安全带将驾驶员约束在座椅上,改善了头部、颈部、胸部损伤超过20%,将胫骨指数减小了63.2%,大腿骨力减小了90%.由计算结果可知,三点式安全带对列车驾驶员有更好的损伤防护作用.%The simulation of the train crashing with the rigid wall was carried out with the driver under no seatbelt, two-point belt and three-point seatbelt restraint using the nonlinear explicit dynamic method with respect to the secondary collision on the rail train driver injuries. Several part injuries of the train driver body were analyzed and compared under the three conditions. The results show that under the condition of no seatbelt restraint, the driver is separated from the chair finally. Injuries on head and chest meet the standard and injuries on neck are close to the criterion values, while injuries on lower limbs are beyond the criterion values. Under the condition of two-point belt restraint, the driver is not separated from the chair. Injuries on neck and lower limps decrease, but injuries on head and chest increase and the abdomen force is beyond the criterion value. The three-point seatbelt restrains the driver on the chair and injuries on head, neck and chest decrease by more than 20%. The tibia index decreases by 63.2% and the femur force decreases by 90%. According to the calculation results, three-point seatbelt plays a better role in injury prevention for the train driver.
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