Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of children infectious mononucleosis (IM), in order to diagnose at early stage and reduce misdiagnosis .Methods Misdiagnosis analysis was conducted on 55 cases of children who were misdiagnosed before admissionand diagnosed as infectious mononucleosisafter admission .Results The clinical manifestations of children infectiousmononucleosiswere diversified, consisting fever ( 55, 100%), isthmitis ( 40, 72.73%), lymphadenectasis ( 45, 81.82%), hepatomegaly(30,54.55%), splenomegaly(23,41.82%),skin rash(9,16.36%),rhinobyon (15,27.27%), palpebral edema (10,18.18%).Laboratory examinations indicated that peripheral blood white blood c ells (WBC) were more than 10 ×109/L ( n =39 ), all the patients were found heteromorphous lymphocyte percentagewas higher than 10%and EBV -IgM positive .some patients were complicated by thrombocytopenia , pneumonia and impairment of liver function , etc.Infectious mononucleosis at early stage present no specific clinical manifestation ,so it was difficult to make an early diagnosis .Abnormallymphocytes in peripheral blood more than 10% and EBV -IgM positive could assist for the diagnosis .Conclusions The clinical manifestation of infectious mononucleosis is complicated and diversified .And might be companied by multiple organ dysfunction . Detailed physical examination and laboratory examination can improve the diagnosis rate .%目的：探讨小儿传染性单核细胞增多症（ IM ）的临床特点，以早期诊断，减少误诊。方法对入院前误诊、入院后确诊为IM的55例患儿进行误诊情况分析。结果 IM临床表现多样，其主要表现为：发热55例（100％），咽峡炎40例（72．73％），淋巴结肿大45例（81．82％），肝脏肿大30例（54．55％），脾脏肿大23例（41．82％），皮疹9例（16．36％），鼻塞15例（27．27％），眼睑浮肿10例（18．18％）。实验室检查：外周血常规白细胞数＞10×109/L者70．91％（39例），异形淋巴细胞检查＞10％者100％（55例），EBV-VCA-IgM检测阳性100％（55例），可伴血小板减少、肝功能受损、肺炎等。早期无特异性临床表现，早期确诊难，外周血异常淋巴细胞＞10％和 EBV-VCA-IgM 阳性可协助诊断。结论 IM临床表现复杂多样，可伴多器官多系统损害。详细的体格检查和及时的实验室检查可提高诊断率。
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