太和县儿童扩大国家免疫规划疫苗接种现况调查与分析

摘要

目的 了解太和县适龄儿童扩大国家免疫规划(NIP)疫苗接种情况,探讨影响因素,为修订和完善免疫规划策略提供参考.方法 以太和县2007-2010年出生的儿童为研究对象,采取多级随机抽样的方法,从每个年龄组中均抽取留守儿童和常住儿童各75名,共抽取600名儿童,对其扩大NIP疫苗接种情况和影响因素进行调查分析.结果 原NIP五种疫苗("五苗")接种合格率均在95.00%以上;新增加的NIP疫苗(新扩苗)接种合格率均低于85.00%.二分类Logistic回归分析提示儿童类别、家庭孩子总数、携带儿童外出次数、去接种使用的交通工具、知道预防接种时间的方法、是否想了解预防接种知识和接种地点选择等7个因素可能是影响预防接种的因素(χ2均>3.921,P值均<0.05).结论 太和县原"五苗"保持较高的接种水平,但新扩苗接种合格率均未达标,在今后的工作中应采取切实有效的措施加强新扩苗的接种工作.%Objective To understand the vaccination coverage of expansion of national immunization program among children in Taihe county,analyze the influencing factors, and provide the reference for revising and perfecting immune planning strategies.Methods The children of Taihe Country born from 2007 to 2010 were taken as study objects.The multistage random sampling method was enrolled in the study.Seventy-five left-behind children and 75 resident children were sampled from each age group respectively.A total of 600 children were selected.We investigated and analyzed the expanded NIP vaccination status and influencing factors.Results The qualified vaccination rates of "five vaccines" were all more than 95.00%,and the qualified vaccination rate of the new expansion of vaccines were all lower than 85.00%.Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the influential factors related to vaccination might be the categories of children, the total children of a family, the frequency of children being carried out, the means of transportation that child used when he went to vaccination unit, the method that guardian knew the time to get vaccination,whether or not to learn about vaccination knowledge and selecting vaccinating sites, etc (χ2>3.921,P<0.05).Conclusions The immunization coverage of "five vaccines" keep at a high level in Taihe county,but the qualified vaccination rate of the new expansion of vaccines are substandard.Concrete and effective measures should be taken to strengthen the work of the new expansion of vaccines in the next step.