蔬菜自动嫁接装备及技术研究进展

摘要

蔬菜嫁接技术因具有克服连作障碍、抵抗土传病害等优点已经广泛应用于世界各国蔬菜生产中.蔬菜自动化嫁接技术装备能够有效提高嫁接效率和嫁接成活率.介绍了几种适于蔬菜自动嫁接的方法,对国内外蔬菜嫁接装备的发展及结构功能进行了阐述和总结,重点分析了嫁接苗自动传送及夹持定位技术、砧穗木自动切削技术、嫁接夹自动供给技术和嫁接机自动控制技术等关键技术的研究进展,对未来蔬菜自动嫁接技术发展趋势和研究重点进行了展望,认为要突破嫁接效率提升的瓶颈,蔬菜自动嫁接将从单株嫁接向整盘秧苗多株同步嫁接模式的转变;加强嫁接装备自动控制系统高度集成化研究也是自动嫁接技术未来发展重点.%Vegetable grafting technology has been applied to vegetable planting over the world for overcoming the continuous cropping barrier and resisting soil borne disease.Vegetable automatic grafting equipment can improve the grafting productivity and survival percentage of grafting seedlings.Development of vegetable grafting equipment at home and abroad is introduced in this paper,and the research progress on technology of automatic carrying,clamping and positioning for seedlings,technology of automatic cutting for seedlings,technology of automatic supplying clips and automatic control technology of grafting robots are introduced and analyzed.Trend of development and research focuses on vegetable grafting technology in the near future are expected.According to the expectation,to break out the bottle neck question of difficulty improving grafting productivity,the vegetable automatic grafting method would be changed from single plant grafting to several plants grafting synchronous.High integration on automatic control system of grafting robot is a research focus in the near future.