大学生非自杀性自伤行为和应对方式

摘要

目的 探讨大学生非自杀性自伤行为以及应对方式的特征.方法 使用应对方式问卷和自编非自杀性自伤行为问卷,对当地某高校480名一年级大学生进行问卷调查.结果 466名大一学生完成调查,12.2％(57名)报告既往曾有过自伤,其中67％多次自伤(≥2次)；最常见的心理动机是缓解不良情绪.与无自伤组相比,自伤组自责、幻想因子得分高(P ＜0.05,P＜0.01),解决问题、求助、合理化因子得分低(P＜0.05,P＜0.01)；自伤组女生的自责因子得分比男生高(P＜0.05).结论 非自杀性自伤行为在大学生中发生率较高,具有故意性、反复性、自我隐蔽、损伤程度轻等特征,与自杀行为有本质区别.自伤学生以消极应对方式为主,通过自伤行为来缓解心理应激或冲突.%Objective To explore the characteristics of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and the coping styles in university students. Methods A total of 480 freshmen in one university in Nanjing were assessed with self-designed NSSI questionnaire and Coping Style Scale ( CSS). Results A total of 466 students completed the survey. Prevalence of NSSI was 12.2% (57 cases) , and 67% of the students had multiple NSSI (more than 2 times). The most common motivation was to relieve negative feelings. Scores of self-blame and fantasy in NSSI students were significandy higher than those in non-NSSI students (P <0. 05 and 0. 01 respectively). Scores of problem-resolving, help - seeking and rationalization in NSSI students were significantly lower than those in non-NSSI students (P <0. 05). Score of self-blame in females with NSSI was significantly higher than that in males with NSSI ( P < 0. 05 ). Conclusion Non-suicidal self-injury behavior is common in undergraduates. It is featured with intentional injury, taking place repeatedly, taking place secretly and mild degree of injury, which has essential distinction with suicidal behavior. Subjects with non-suicidal self-injury behavior tend to take passive coping styles, and their motivation is to alleviate psychological stress or psychic conflict.