心脏再同步治疗对慢性心力衰竭患者心功能及心律失常的影响

摘要

目的：探讨心脏再同步化治疗对慢性心力衰竭伴左心室收缩不同步患者心功能及心律失常的影响。方法：32例慢性心力衰竭伴左心室收缩不同步的患者行CRT起搏治疗，术前心功能稳定后用心脏彩超测定左心室收缩末容积（LEVESV）、左心室舒张末容积（LVEDV）、左心室射血分数（LVEF）、左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、二尖瓣返流面积（MRA）、左心房面积（LAA），计算MRA／LAA比值。应用组织超声多普勒测量患者左室壁12个节段的收缩达峰时间（Ts），计算它们之间的极差（Ts-maxD）和标准差（Ts-SD）。行12导联24 h动态心电图检查。术后继续抗心衰药物治疗。12周后复查上述指标进行评估。结果：与CRT起搏器植入术前比较，术后12周LVEF、LV dp／dt较前升高，差异具有统计学意义（P ＜0．05），LEVESV、Ts-maxD、Ts-SD、MRA、MRA／LAA较前下降，差异具有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。 LVEDV、LVEDD术前、术后比较无明显差异（P ＞0．05）。房性早搏及阵发性房性心动过速较术前减少，差异具有统计学意义（P ＜0．05），阵发性房颤、室性早搏及阵发性室性心动过速术前、术后比较差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）。结论：CRT同步化治疗可显著改善左心室收缩功能，并减少MRA及Ts，可能与CRT改善左心室同步性、减少二尖瓣返流有关，并可减少房性心律失常发生。%Objective To study the effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on the cardiac function and arrhythmias of patients with chronic heart failure and left ventricular systolic dyssynchrony. Methods Thirty-two cases of patients with chronic heart failure and left ventricular systolic dyssynchrony underwent CRT therapy. And LEVESV, LVEDV, LVEF, LVEDD, MRA, LAA, MRA/LAA were detected by echocardiography while the cardiac function was kept stable. Then the left ventricular systolic 12 segment peak time (Ts) was measurements by tissue doppler in all patients, the poor (Ts-maxD) and standard deviation (Ts-SD) were also calculated. The 24-hour ambulatory 12-lead ECG was took postoperation. All the patients were treated by anti-heart failure drugs after CRT pacemeker implantantion. All these indicators were assessed again at 12 weeks later. Results Compared with the previous CRT pacemaker implantation, LVEF, LV dp/dpsignificantly increased (P < 0.05). LEVESV, Ts-maxD, Ts-SD, MRA, MRA/LAA markedly declined (P < 0.05). But no statistical significance was found between the preoperative and postoperative CRT (P>0.05). Atrial premature beats and paroxysmal atrial tachycardia were significantly reduced in the preoperative CRT (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in atrial fibrillation, ventricular premature beats and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia between the preoperative and postoperative CRT (P > 0.05). Conclusion CRT resynchronization therapy can improve left ventricular systolic function, and reduce the MRA and Ts. The mechanism may be associated with the improvement of left ventricular synchrony, reducing mitral regurgitation, and reducing the occurrence of atrial arrhythmias.