不同施肥处理对桑叶产量及其品质的影响

摘要

The effects of different fertilizer treatments on yield components, yields and quality of mulberry leaves were studied by using the ＂3414＂ fertilizer experiment design. The results indicate the fertilization could significantly impact on the yields of mulberry leaves which are mainly affected by the leaf yields per meter branch and length of shoot. The yields of mulberry leaves are accordingly increased with the increase of simple fertilization amount, and significantly decreased with more, and the highest yield is 30780. 1 kg/haunder the X1-2X2-2X3-2 （X1 , X2 and X3 denote the fertilizer factor of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium）. The optimum yields of mulberry leaves and the recommended fertilizer amounts are 30709.5 kg/ha, N 736. 47 kg/ha, P205 215.29 kg/haand K20 267.74 kg/ha by using the developed fertilization effect function respectively. The contents of crude protein, soluble sugar, amino acid and fat are significantly increased with the increase of fertilization amounts, and are to the tops at the 2 level, which are 22.63% , 18.62%, 17.76% and 9. 19% respectively. This paper could provide references for high yields and qualities of mulberry in Sichuan hilly areas.%利用现代肥料二次回归＂3414＂试验设计,研究了氮、磷、钾不同施肥处理对桑叶产量及其构成因素、桑叶品质的影响。结果表明,氮、磷、钾主要是通过影响桑树春季新稍长和秋季条长及其米条产叶量,进而影响桑叶产量。随着单因素施肥量的增加,桑叶产量也随之增加,在X1-2X2-2X3-2达到最大（其中X1、X2、X3分别为N、P、K肥料因子）,为30780.1 kg/hm2。通过建立桑叶产量的肥料效应函数,获得该地区最佳推荐施肥量为N 736.47kg/hm2、P2O5 215.29 kg/hm2、K2O 267.74 kg/hm2,桑叶最佳产量为30709.5 kg/hm2。随着施肥量的增加,桑叶中粗蛋白、可溶性糖、氨基酸和脂肪含量也随之显著增加,在2水平时达到最大,分别为22.63%、18.62%、17.76%、9.19%;所以适量氮、磷、钾施肥量及其配比能显著提高桑叶的产量和品质。本文可为四川丘陵蚕区高产优质桑园建设提供科学依据和参考。