[目的]设施大棚是果蔬的重要生产基地,量化和评估生物质炭在设施栽培中的应用效果,对生物质炭在设施大棚的推广应用具有重要的实践价值.[方法]通过文献收集并建立数据库,共获得典型设施大棚或温室环境条件下相对独立的匹配数据214组,采用数据整合分析(Meta-analysis)方法,定量分析生物质炭特性(原料、制备温度、C/N、pH)与管理措施(施用量与施用时长)对果蔬产量、土壤理化性质的影响程度.[结果]设施条件下施用生物质炭可显著提高土壤pH,且土壤有机碳、氮、磷等均有不同程度的增加.果蔬增产效应显著,其中,叶菜类、块茎类、果菜类以及豆类产量分别增加23.9％、43.3％、60.6％和79.5％.低量施用(＜10.0t/hm2)平均增产30.8％,高量施用(10.0～80.0 t/hm2)增产14.0％～27.4％.施用生物质炭前6个月增产效果显著,最高可达30.4％,超过6个月,增产效果不显著.不同制备生物质炭的增产效果也存在一定差异,畜禽粪便类(66.4％)＞秸秆类(31.2％)＞木材类(19.0％)＞壳渣类(5.9％).制备温度低于600℃的生物质炭增产20.4％～36.5％,超过600℃时增产效果不显著.当原料生物质炭C/N值＜100时,增产19.3％～49.1％,且随C/N值的增加增产效果呈降低趋势.当生物质炭呈碱性时(pH 9～10)增产效果最佳.[结论]生物质炭类型及施用量是影响设施土壤肥力与果蔬产量的关键因素,低温(400～500℃下)制备的生物质炭增产效果显著,建议施用量控制在10.0 t/hm2以下且间断性施用,可降低成本,提高经济效益.%[Objectives] Greenhouse cropping is one of the most important practices for vegetable production.Qualification and assessment of biochar application effect in greenhouse are of significance to enhance their popularization.[Methods] By selecting independent research literatures with certain criteria,we collected 214 paired data set and conducted a meta-analysis to quantify application effects of biochar with various characteristics (e.g.raw material,pyrolysis temperature,C/N,pH etc.) and artificial application practices (e.g.,application amount and duration) on yields of fruit and vegetables and soil chemical and physical properties.[Results] Biochar application under greenhouse condition increased soil pH,and content of soil organic carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus significantly.Compared to the Control,biochar application increased the yield of fruit and vegetables significantly.The increment in yield was 23.9％ for leafy vegetables,43.3％ for tubers,60.6％ for fruit and vegetables,and 79.5％ for beans,respectively.The averaged increment in yield was 30.8％ when the application rate was less than 10.0 t/hm2,and 14.0％-27.4％ at the rate of 10.0-80.0 t/hm2.The improvement of yield was remarkable within 6 months after biochar application,and it reached a maximum of 30.4％.However,the yield improvement was not significant 6 month later after biochar application.Feedstock sources showed significant effect on the yield improvement ofbiochar application.The yield improvement followed the order of livestock and poultry manure (66.4％) ＞ straw (31.2％) ＞ wood (19.0％) ＞ shell residue (5.9％).Pyrolysis temperature also showed impact on yield improvement with biochar application significantly as well.The increment was 20.4％-36.5％ when the pyrolysis temperature was lower than 600℃.However,it showed no effect on yield improvement when temperature was over 600℃.The increment in yield was 19.3％-49.1％ when the biochar C/N value was less than 100,showing a rapid decreasing trend with the increase of biochar C/N ratio.Alkaline biochar (pH 9-10) showed better improvement effect than that of the acid ones.[Conclusions] The feedstock sources and application rates of biochar are the two key factors that regulating the yield improvement of fruit and vegetables and soil fertility.Application of biochar derived from pyrolysis temperature of 400-500℃ with C/N value less than 100 and pH 9-10 are recommended for better yield improvement.The application rate of not over 10 t/hm2 and application with intervals less than 6 months are recommended to save the cost and improve economic benefits.
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