针对含蜡原油长输管道管内外情况均十分复杂的特点,详细研究了含特殊管段的含蜡原油长输管道,利用有限元法对热油管道处于不同工况下的热力模型进行了求解,并在计算过程中对特殊管段进行了巧妙的处理,最后通过算例详细分析了特殊管段对处于不同工况的原油管道热力特性的影响.结果表明,结蜡层的存在会使处于正常运行管道中的原油散热能力减弱,但却会使停输管道内的原油温降速率增大；而管道沿线浸水段的存在,不仅会使管道正常运行中末端油温偏低,还可能使管道在停输中中间浸水段的油温远远低于末端温度,严重影响对停输管道顺利再启动的判断.%Both situations in and around the waxy crude oil pipeline are complex, which affect the thermodynamic properties of the waxy crude oil pipeline under different conditions greatly. According to this, the waxy crude oil pipeline with special pipe sections was studied in detail. Heat differential equations of hot oil pipeline under different conditions were solved by means of finite element method, and a kind of ingenious method was proposed in dealing with the special pipe sections. At last, effect of special pipe sections for the thermodynamic properties of the waxy crude oil pipeline was discussed. The results indicate that the temperature of the oil along the pipeline which is in stable operation become higher with wax deposit layer, but the cooling rate of oil in shutdown pipelines increases. The existence of immersed section make the oil temperature much lower no matter what the situation of the pipeline is, which hinders the restart of the shutdown pipeline greatly.
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