玉米//花生间作模式对作物病害发生的影响及分析

摘要

为探索玉米//花生间作种植模式对玉米和花生病害发生情况的影响,2015-2016年对玉米、花生单作田和间作田进行了病害调查,并对其气象因子和土壤酶活性进行了测定与分析.结果表明:间作模式下玉米和花生病害的发生率都有所降低,玉米病害发病率降低程度尤为显著,其中对玉米茎腐病影响最大,发病降低率可达42.53%.本文对间作田和单作田的多项气象因子进行了测定,结果表明:同单作相比,玉米间作田光照度平均提高了5784.67lx,环境和土壤相对湿度分别平均降低了9.15%和8.23%,花生间作田光照度平均降低了16053.77lx,环境和土壤温度、相对湿度差别不显著.通过土壤中酶活性测定,发现间作模式在一定程度上提高了与抗性正相关的碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶的活性.%In order to reveal the effects of the intercropping system on the diseases of peanut and maize, we have measured and analyzed the meteorological factors and soil enzyme with the disease investigation of single maize, single peanut and intercropping system during 2015~2016.The results showed that intercropping system could decrease the disease incidence and disease severity index of maize and peanut.Especially for maize, the disease incidence of the corn stalk rot could be reduced by 42.53%. In the experiment of the meteorological factors and soil enzyme, the light illuminance in maize field had been raised 5784.67lx in the intercropping system. The relative humidity of environment and soil had been respectively reduced by 9.15% and 8.23%. But the light illuminance of maize field in the intercropping system had been reduced 16053.77lx. In addition, the relative humidity of environment and soil in peanut field had little difference between single peanut and intercropping system. And the enzyme activities in the rhizosphere soil which exist positive correlation with the disease resistance of crops, such as alkaline phosphatase, sucrase and catalase, had been increased.