健康信念模式在预防接种不良反应中的应用效果评价

摘要

Objective To explore the effects of health belief model on the prevention of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) and to provide reference for its implementation in vaccination in community health service center. Methods A total of 220 vaccinated children aged from 1 to 24 months in community health service center and their caregivers were randomly divided into control group (n=110) and intervention group (n=110). All caregivers received conventional oral health education. In addition, the caregivers in intervention group received health education guided by Health Belief Model. Results The caregivers in intervention group performed better in terms of knowledge, attitude and practice of AEFI and they could prevent AEFI in accordance with the guidance (P<0.05). The rate of adverse reaction in intervention group was obviously lower than that in control group ( P<0.05). The satisfaction rate of the caregivers in intervention group was 97.3%, which was significantly higher than that in control group (90.9%) (P<0.05). Conclusion Health education guided by health belief model is effective for reducing the incidence of AEFI and improving caregivers’ satisfaction. It may be promoted in community health service center for children’s vaccination.%目的：分析健康信念模式在预防接种不良反应中的干预效果，为其在社区预防接种中的推广应用提供参考依据。方法将220名1～24月龄来社区接种疫苗的儿童及其家长随机分为对照组和干预组各110名。对照组采用常规预防接种健康教育，干预组在常规健康教育的基础上，用健康信念模式指导下的健康教育内容及方法进行干预。结果干预组家长预防疫苗接种后不良反应的知识、信念与态度，自觉地按照要求进行预防不良反应的行为均较对照组家长明显增加（P<0.05）；干预组儿童接种不良反应发生率显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）；干预组家长满意度为97.3%，明显高于对照组（90.9%）（P＜0.05）。结论用健康信念模式指导下的健康教育内容及方法能降低疫苗接种不良反应发生率，提高家长的满意度，可以在社区预防接种工作中推广应用。