西双版纳热带季节雨林树种的区系组成成分分析

摘要

按照美国史密森热带研究所的热带森林研究中心1980年在巴拿马Barro Colorado Island 地区建立50 hm2样地的技术规范,2007年在西双版纳州勐腊县补蚌村的望天树林中建立了一块面积为20 hm2的热带森林动态监测样地,逐一测量记录了样地中所有树干胸径≥1 cm树木的胸围,并对其挂牌标记、鉴定种名、确定坐标位置.基于此资料分析了科、属的分布区类型,并与马来西亚的热带季节雨林样地(Lambir和Pasoh)和泰国热带雨林样地(HKK)样地内优势科和优势种做了比较.结果表明:1)西双版纳热带季节雨林样地中热带成分的科有51个,热带成分的属有186个,分别占总科数和总属数的72.87％和89.42％;温带成分的科和属各有3个,分别占总科数和总属数的4.29％和1.44％.反映了样地植物区系组成成分的热带性质,温带成分占有一部分比例,则体现了群落的温带性质.2)马来西亚和泰国热带雨林的一些优势科,如龙脑香科、藤黄科、肉豆蔻科,在西双版纳热带季节雨林样地同样占有非常重要的地位,反映了西双版纳热带季节雨林与东南亚热带雨林在科的组成上有很大的相似性.但龙脑香科、野牡丹科、藤黄科、山榄科、橄榄科等一些科在马来西亚有大量的发展,在西双版纳热带季节雨林中这些科的物种数相对较少.%A plot with an area of 20 hmz was established in a dipterocarp forest in Mengla Nature Reserve in 2007. The construction technology and field protocol followed those applied in the establishment of the 50 hmz plot in the tropical forest of Barro Colorado Island in Panama, developed by Center for Tropical Forest Science,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in 1980. All free-standing trees with DBH ≥1 cm were tagged,mapped, measured (girth) and identified to species in the plot. Based on trees with DBH≥ 1 cm in a 20 hm2 stem-mapped tropical seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna, we investigated the flora composition in the plot and compared the dominant families and genera among the tropical seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna, Lambir and Pasoh. 1) Fifty one tropical families and 186 tropical genera were found in the sampling plot,taking up about 72. 87%,89. 42% of the total families and genera,respectively. The flora of plot was mainly composed of species in tropical families and genera indicating the tropical infinity. There were 3 temperate families and genera indicating the property of the temperate zone in the flora. 2) The families,such as Dipterocarpaceae,Guttiferae,Myristicaceae are very important (with higher importance value) in both the Xishuangbanna tropical seasonal rainforest and other Southeast Asian rainforests (including Pasoh plot,Lambir plot and HKK plot), indicating the close floristic affinity among these forests. However,the families of Dipterocarpaceae,Melastomataceae,Guttiferae,Sapotaceae and Burserace-ae have more species richness in Malaysia than in Xishuangbanna.