中华金叶榆嫩枝扦插繁殖技术1）

摘要

以中华金叶榆（ Ulmus pumila‘Jinye’）为试材，剪取当年生枝条中上部做插穗，每个插穗保留2片叶子，用ABT 1000 mg· L－1溶液处理插穗10 s，分别扦插在河沙、珍珠岩、蛭石、草炭、V（珍珠岩）∶V（蛭石）＝1∶1、V （珍珠岩）∶V（蛭石）＝3∶1、V（珍珠岩）∶V（草炭）＝1∶1、V（珍珠岩）∶V（草炭）＝3∶1，8种基质上，探究不同扦插基质对插穗生根的影响；采用3因素3水平正交试验设计，即选用ABT、IBA、NAA 3种生根促进剂，每种生根促进剂设计500、1000、1500 mg· L－13个质量浓度梯度，处理时间为10、30、60 s，扦插在V（珍珠岩）∶V（蛭石）＝1∶1的基质中，筛选金叶榆嫩枝扦插最佳生根促进剂及处理时间。结果表明：蛭石为最佳基质，插穗生根率为89．17％，平均根数为10条，平均根长为12．92 cm，最长根长为38．5 cm。正交试验结果表明：用质量浓度为500 mg· L－1的IBA生根促进剂处理30 s得到的生根效果较好，生根率为82．22％，平均根长为21．12 cm，平均根数为17条。通过spss软件中的多重比较法分析推测得出，采用1500 mg· L－1 IBA生根促进剂处理插穗基部30 s，得到的金叶榆插穗生根率将会更高。%With Ulm us pumila‘Zhonghuajinye ’ , and one-year branches of the upper part as stem cuttings , each stem cutting retained two leaves .In order to test the influence of different substrates on cutting , stem cuttings were treated with ABT of 1 000 mg· L-1 solution for 10 s and inserted into eight soil substrates including river sand , perlite, vermiculite, peat, per-lite∶vermiculite=1∶1, perlite ∶vermiculite=3∶1, perlite ∶peat=1∶1, and perlite ∶peat=3∶1 ( V/V) , respective-ly.With the purpose of screening the best reagent concentration and the best treatment time for U.pumila‘Zhonghuajinye’ cutting, the experiment was conducted using three-factor and three-level orthogonal tests , and the stem cuttings were trea-ted with ABT, IBA, and NAA solution which designing three concentration gradient of 500 mg· L-1 , 1 000 mg· L-1 , and 1 500 mg· L-1 for 10 s, 30 s, 60 s, and inserted into substrate of perlite ∶vermiculite=1∶1.The vermiculite is the best soil substrate, the rooting rate of cuttings reached 89.17%, the average number of substrate on cuttings was 10, the length was 12.92 cm, and the longest root length was 38.5 cm.By the orthogonal tests , the rooting rate of stem cuttings treated with IBA of 500 mg· L-] for 30 s reached 82.22%, the longest average root length reached 21.12 cm, and the maximum average number of substrate on cuttings was 17.Using the method of multiple comparison , the rooting rate of U.pumila‘Zhonghuajinye ’ cuttings could reach highest when their cutting bases were treated with IBA of 1 500 mg· L-1 for 30 s.