人工沙棘林灯下蛾类群落结构及时间生态位1）

摘要

为了给人工沙棘林（ Hippophae rhamnoides Linn．）的害虫防治和健康管理提供重要资料，选择山西农业大学林业站12年生人工沙棘林进行灯下蛾类群落连续调查，分析了人工沙棘林灯下蛾类的群落结构及时间格局。2013—2014年共采集灯下蛾类标本2948头，隶属22科100种，卷蛾科、螟蛾科、夜蛾科、菜蛾科、尺蛾科为优势科，螟蛾科的物种数最多，为20种，卷蛾科的个体数最多，为655头。灯下蛾类无论是在科数、物种数还是在个体数上由高到低依次为8月份、7月份、6月份、5月份、9月份、10月份；Shannon－Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Simpson优势度指数在一年中的不同时期没有明显差异，而Margalef丰富度指数与各月平均气温的变化趋势一致；7月份和8月份蛾类群落相似性最大，与10月份的群落相似性最小。人工沙棘林灯下蛾类优势科的时间生态位分析显示：卷蛾科、螟蛾科、夜蛾科、尺蛾科的时间生态位宽度均较大（＞0．70），菜蛾科的时间生态位宽度较小（＜0．50）；卷蛾科、螟蛾科、夜蛾科、尺蛾科两两之间的时间生态位重叠指数均高于0．90，它们分别与菜蛾科的生态位重叠指数均小于0．85，说明菜蛾科物种的发生时间短于其他4科，较其他4科易于集中防治。%The experiment was conducted to analyze the community structure and temporal pattern of light trapped moths in a Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.plantation for pest control and forest management .A 12-old H.rhamnoides plantation in For-estry Station of Shanxi Agricultural University was selected for continuous investigation of a population of light trapped moths.The 2 948 light trapped moths collected from 2013 to 2014 belonged to 100 species across 22 families, of which Tortricidae, Pyralidae, Noctuidae, Plutellidae, and Geometridae were the dominant groups .The highest number of moth species was Pyralidae , with 20 species, and the highest number of individuals was Tortricidae , with 655 individuals.The biodiversity indices of light trapped moths in the H.rhamnoides plantation were calculated and analyzed .The number of the light trapped moths caught varies with temperature ( August>July>June>May>September>October ) , and this pattern is conserved across groups, species, and individuals.Shannon-Wiener’s index, Pielou’s index, and Simpson’s index did not vary across different periods in a year , whereas, Margalef’s index had the same trend with the average temperature of each month.The moth community similarity index from July and August was the highest whereas the moth community simi -larity index from July and October was the lowest .Analysis of the temporal niche of the dominant light trapped moths group showed that Tortricidae, Pyralidae, Noctuidae and Geometridae had broad temporal niche (>0.70), whereas, Plutellidae had a narrow temporal niche ( 0.489 ) .The temporal niche overlapping index between families paired with Tortricidae , Pyralidae, Noctuidae and Geometridae were all higher than 0.90 while every family paired with Plutellidae had less than a 0.85 temporal niche overlapping index .The occurrence period of the Plutellidae species was shorter than the other four fam -ilies, and easy to control intensively .