额尔古纳国家级自然保护区内4种林型土壤真菌的多样性

摘要

对额尔古纳国家级自然保护区山杨林、白桦林、黑桦林和落叶松林中土壤真菌进行了分离鉴定。在不同林型中，用5点法采集土壤样品，用稀释平板法和PDA培养基进行真菌的分离和培养。通过观测菌落形态、生长速度和颜色，并在光学显微镜下观察真菌的形态特征及对分离到的菌株进行rDNA-ITS序列的分析，鉴定出17属24种土壤真菌。选取有代表性的18种菌株进行基于rDNA-ITS基因序列的系统发育多样性分析。结果表明：土壤真菌区系与森林类型密切相关，被孢霉属（ Mortierella）和青霉属（ Penicillium）为各林型土壤真菌的优势种群，每个林型还存在着其特有的菌种。%The experiment was conducted to separate and identify the fungi in the soil of Populus davidiana Stands, Betula platyphylla Stands, Betula davurica Stands, Larch Stands in Erguna National Nature Reserve.By five-point method, the soil samples were taken under different types of forest in the Erguna National Nature Reserve.The fungi were separated and cultivated with PDA medium by dilution plate method.The culture characteristics were described including colony mor-phology, growth rate and color.By observing fungal morphological characteristics under light microscope and analyzing ITS sequence, 24 species of 17 fungal genera were identified.Eighteen strains were selected for phylogenic diversity analysis by ITS sequence analysis.The soil mycobiota are closely related to forest types.Mortierella and Penicillium are dominant groups of genera in soil.Each forest type has its unique species.