木质藤本植物黑老虎的居群结构与动态1）

摘要

For the population structure and dynamics of Kadsura coccinea, we used the typical sample-plot survey, diameter structure instead of age structure and variance/mean ratio to study the age , height structure and the spatial distribution of three populations in Fengshuilin National Natural Reserve , Daweishan National Natural Reserve and Wuliangshan National Natural Reserve , respectively .We established the time-specific life table and drew the survival rate curve .The relative age structure of three populations was an inverted pyramid shape , which was divided into five classes .There were almost no saplings in Class I , and more adult trees in the age structure for three populations .The adult trees accounted for 60%-80%, which showed that these populations belonged to declining populations .The height structures of three populations were in different classes , but they were successive in the height growth of their individuals and in community .The distribu-tion patterns of three populations were different .The pattern of Fengshuilin population was characterized by a clump distri-bution, and those of Daweishan and Wuliangshan populations were characterized by random distribution .By the time-spe-cific life table, the development process of K.c occinea population could be divided into three stages including sapling stage, mature tree stage and old tree stage .The survival curves of three populations were close to Deevey I with the mean-ing of declining tendency , which suggested that the weaker regeneration capacity and the less population amount limited the survival and breed of K. coccinea and led to it endangered .It is an important work to enhance protecting , introduction and domestication of K.cocic nea.%为了了解木质藤本药食兼用植物黑老虎的居群结构及动态，采用典型样地法，以径级结构代替年龄结构及方差均值比率法研究了云南分水岭国家级自然保护区、云南大围山自然保护区和云南无量山自然保护区等3个黑老虎居群的年龄结构、高度结构和空间分布格局，编制了特定时间生命表，绘制了存活曲线。结果表明：黑老虎3个居群的年龄结构分为5级，总体呈倒金字塔形，年龄结构中都无Ⅰ级幼苗，幼藤储备也很少，中成年藤和老年藤的比例占到了60％～80％，均属于衰退型居群；其高度结构受支柱木和林冠层高度的影响，不同居群的高度结构包括的级数不同，但发育都是连续的；3个居群的分布格局不同，分水岭居群呈现集群分布，无量山居群和大围山居群呈随机分布，当前的生长可分为幼藤、中成年藤和老藤3个时期，存活曲线呈现凸形，正处于衰退状态。极弱的更新能力和较少的居群数量预示黑老虎居群的生存和繁育都面临极大的挑战，且具有濒危植物所具有的特征，应加强保护和人工引种驯化。