Neurotransmitters of the central nervous system were the important way to study the mechanism of anesthesia. The effect of different doses of xylazine anesthetic on the glutamate(Glu) and γ-aminobutyric-acid(GABA) were investigated and the mechanism of xylazine anesthetic on the central nervous system were explored in this study. A total of 88 rats were randomly divided into three groups, including normal saline control group, group with low dose of xylazine and group with high dose of xylazine.Cerebrum, cerebellum, hippocampus, thalamus and brainstem were collected. The results showed that the concentration of Glu in the hippocampus, thalamus and brainstem decreased first and then increased, but it increased first and then decreased in the cerebrum and cerebellum during the period of anesthesia. The concentration of GABA in the cerebrum, thalamus, brainstem and hippocampus increased first and then decreased. The results showed that xylazine inhibited Glu and promoted GABA with different dose dependence. The results and methods could provide guides for the clinical use of xylazine.
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