早期伊斯兰苏非传记书写体例探究

摘要

早期苏非文献阙如,苏非传记的史学属性与文献学意义使之成为伊斯兰史学的重要组成部分.苏非传记作为广义苏非文学的类型之一,有其书写体例与记述特点.历时的塔巴卡特分层(tabaqāt)反映出各代苏非与先知的关联程度;关注各层核心苏非及其陪伴者关系的伊斯纳德传系(isnād)则从横向维度搭建了时空意义上的精神联系.两者所关注的均是苏非群体内部的交往、承继、互动与关联.随着苏非主义的发展,塔巴卡特分层有逐渐淡化的趋势,而伊斯纳德传系则以其稳定性与建构性保持着不同地域苏非圈的动态平衡,与后来的世系有着共通的建构实质与内涵.%Though the literature about early Sufism is lacked,it is as an important component in Islamic history by vir-tue of historical properties and philological value.As one type of generalized Sufi literature,Hagiography in early Sufism also owns its writing style.Tabaqāt focuses on the correlation between different generations of Sufis and Prophet Muhammad in a diachronic dimension;Isnād concerns the core Sufis in every generation and the spiritual connection between core Sufis and their companions in transversely spatial dimension.Both Tabaqāt and Isnād are concerned with the exchanges,inheritance, interaction and connection within the Sufi Group.With the development of Sufism,the Tabaqāt stratification has a trend of desalination and Isnād maintain the dynamic balance of the Sufism in different regions with its stability and construction, which has common construction essence and connotation with later world.