2006-2015年宁夏职业病流行特征分析

摘要

目的 了解宁夏职业病流行特征,掌握发病特点和规律,为今后我区制定职业病预防控制措施提供合理化建议.方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统,收集2006-2015年我区职业病病例报告数据,进行回顾性统计分析.结果 2006-2015年宁夏共报告职业病1453例,男性1424例(98.01％),病种主要为职业性尘肺病及其他呼吸系统疾病(占总病例数的89.06％);发病人数随年度呈波动性,以2012年发病人数最多;地区分布以石嘴山市最多(占报告病例总数的76.26％);统计分析显示,各类职业病发病年龄构成差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);不同地区各类职业病构成差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);与1990-2005年间职业病发病比较,不同时段职业病的构成差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);各类职业病的发病年龄及发病工龄差异均有统计学意义(x2=144.236,P＜0.05;x2=101.605,P＜0.05).结论 应加强石嘴山市和银川市煤炭、电力和煤化工行业工作场所的职业病危害因素的治理与监督,同时加强35～54岁年龄组劳动人群职业健康监护,做到早筛查、早发现、早诊断,预防和减少职业危害,以保障劳动者生命健康权益.%Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of occupational diseases in Ningxia from 2006 to 2015 andr to provide reasonable suggestions for prevention and control measures of occupational disease in the future.Methods Through China Information System For Disease Control and Prevention,occupational disease data were collect from 2006 to 2015 and a retrospective statistical analysis was carried on.Results A total of 1453 cases of occupational diseases were reported in Ningxia from 2006 to 2015,including 1424 male cases (accounting for 98.01％).Most of occupational diseases were occupational pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases(accounting for 89.06％ of the total).The number of cases with the annual volatility,the largest incidence in 2012,the cases of occupational diseases were mainly distributed in Shizuishan city (accounting for 76.26％ of the total).Statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences in the incidence age composition of various types occupational disease(P＜0.05),and in the different regions of various types occupational disease (P＜0.05).Compared with the incidence of occupational disease from 1990 to 2005,various types occupational disease in different period had significant differences(P＜0.05).The comparison of age and length of service in various types occupational disease also had significant difference (x2=144.236,P＜0.05;x2=101.605,P＜0.05).Conclusion Governance and oversight of occupational hazards in the workplace of coal,electricity and coal chemical industry in Shizuishan and Yinchuan city should be improved.The occupational health surveillance of 35-54 age group labor population at the same time have to be strengthened.screening early,detection early,diagnosis early,and controlling the occupational hazards,the rights of workers' life and health would be protected.