根本之守与应时之变--鸦片战争后失事官员责任追究透视

摘要

鸦片战争结束后，清王朝并无我们期待的深刻反思。他们所进行的善后工作中一项重要的内容是战败责任追究，这包括道德拷问和法律责任追究两方面，这两者是王朝要坚守的根本。但承担责任的地方官员，对一场力量悬殊的中外战争中职守责任的理解与朝廷存在差异，同时他们更关注如何应对战后外部的压力和复杂的局面，要求朝廷能做一些变通。根本之守与应时之变的分歧构成战后政治变动的内在张力，并预示着整个晚清政局的走向。%After the Opium War, the Qing imperial court did not make penetrating self-examinations. After the war, the imperial court concentrated on investigating the responsibilities for the defeat of the war, both morally and legally. However, the local officials and the court had different opinions about the responsibilities for the defeat of the war where there was a great disparity in strength between the two sides. The local government officials concerned more about how to deal with the post-war pressure and the complicated situation. The disputes are the internal political tension that decided the situation in the late Qing after the war.