目的：了解飞行员、飞行学员及机务人员颈腰痛的患病情况及发病因素。方法调查分析2001例资料，比较分析飞行员、飞行学员及机务人员颈腰痛的情况。结果飞行学员颈腰痛患病率为19．3％，飞行员颈腰痛患病率为43．0％，机务人员颈腰痛患病率为31．9％。歼击机飞行（学）员颈腰痛患病率为29％，运输机飞行（学）员颈腰痛患病率为44．1％，直升机飞行（学）员颈腰痛患病率为37．4％。飞行（学）员颈腰痛患病危险因素包括年龄、飞行时间、吸烟史、体质量指数和腰背肌锻炼。结论飞行员颈腰痛患病率高于飞行学员及机务人员，运输机飞行（学）员颈腰痛患病率较高，飞行时间是飞行（学）员颈腰痛患病的最危险因素，腰背肌锻炼是保护因素。应重视飞行（学）员及机务人员颈腰痛的预防，研发有针对性的防护措施。%Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors of neck and back pain in pilots, aviation cadets and me-chanical maintenance personnel, with an aim to prevent the occurrence of the disorder among them.Methods A survey of 2001 cases of medical data was conducted, and then, the derived data concerning neck and back pain were compared and analyzed between pilots, aviation cadets and mechanical maintenance personnel.Results The incidence of neck and back pain in aviation cadets was 19.3%, and the incidence rates of the same disorder in pilots and mechanical maintenance personnel were 43.0%and 31.9%respectively.The incidence of neck and back pain in the aviation cadets flying fighters was 29%, and the incidence rates of the same disorder in the avia-tion cadets flying transports and helicopters were 44.1%and 37.4% respectively.Risk factors of neck and back pain among aviation cadets included age, flying time, smoking history, body mass index and lumbodorsal muscular exercise.Conclusion The incidence of neck and back pain in pilots was significantly higher than that in aviation cadets and mechanical maintenance personnel, and the inci-dence of the disorder was also relatively high in pilots flying transports.Flying time was the most important risk factor of neck and back pain, and the survey revealed that lumbodorsal muscular exercise was an effective protective factor.Close attention should be paid to the prevention of neck and back pain and counter measures should be developed for effective prevention of the disorder.
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