矢量阵的快速宽带频域波束形成方法

摘要

The vector hydrophone can measure particle velocity, so the array consisting of it achieves much better performance than the conventional acoustic pressure array. However, because of the particle velocity, the signal processing for vector hydrophone array faces the problem of huge-dimension matrix operation, especially in the case of many array elements. A fast broadband beamforming technique for vector hydrophone array based on FFT is developed. The technique can be realized in the frequency domain, using FFT to save processing time efficiently. Studies show that the proposed algorithm can satisfy the needs of real-time processing, that its DOA estimation performance can reach the Craomer-Rao lower bound, and that the vector hydrophone array is the better in the left-to-right resolution and has the ability to detect weak signals.%矢量水听器能获取振速信息,因此由其所组成的阵列有着常规声压阵列所不能比拟的优势,但正因为有了振速各分量信息,基于矢量阵的信号处理面临计算量大为增加的高维协方差矩阵运算的难题,当阵元数较多时,难以实时实现.为此,基于FFT思想,提出了一种适用于矢量水听器阵列的快速宽带频域波束形成方法.该方法在频域实现,将宽带信号分解为多个窄带信号,采用快速傅立叶变换来实现各阵元数据的相移累加过程,处理速度得以大幅提高.研究表明:该方法完全满足实时处理的需求,其测向性能也能达到克拉美-罗下界,且矢量阵具有常规阵所不具有的左右舷分辨能力,对微弱目标的检测能力也较强.