辽河三角洲土地资源利用结构优化与持续利用对策

摘要

辽河三角洲是我国四大河流(长江、黄河、珠江、辽河)三角洲之一。其所处的核心位置在辽宁省盘锦市。辽河三角洲自然资源丰富，既有平坦的土地资源，地下还埋藏着丰富的石油和天然气资源，还有面积广阔的芦苇、湿地和滩涂资源，具有发展工农业生产的有利条件。为了充分合理利用土地资源，论文对辽河三角洲土地利用现状结构特征进行了分析，实地调查了土地利用优化结构的有关参数，应用线性规划方法，建立了辽河三角洲土地资源合理利用结构优化模型。在模型中，设置了以水田、旱地、芦苇、油田、盐田、养虾池等土地利用类型的面积为变量，写出了近期和远期的目标函数和约束条件的线性不等式。通过在计算机上选优计算，得出了辽河三角洲现状、近期和远期土地利用优化构成，并得出了不同时期土地利用优化结构的目标函数值(最大经济效益)。最后提出实现土地利用结构优化和持续利用的12项对策，并对每项对策提出了应采取的措施。%The Liaohe Delta is one of the four great deltas in China,namely,the Changjiang Delta， the Huanghe Delta， the Zhujiang Delta and the Liaohe Delta.The core position of the Liaohe Delta is located in Panjin City， Liaoning Provines.It is rich in natural resources， such as flat land resources， petroleum and natural gas resources buried underground and a vast area of reed， wetland and tideland.There are many favorable conditions for developing industry and agriculture in Liaohe Delta. rn　　To utilize the land resources fully and reasonably， the characteristics of the present structures in land utilization of the Liaohe Delta are analyzed.Some parameters concerning land utilization structures are investigated on the spot.The optimization model of the reasonable structure in land utilization is identified by applying the linear programming method . rn　　In the optimization model， a linear inequality is built with many variables such as the areas of paddy field， dry land， reed， oilfield， salt pan and shrimp pond.And the objective function and the restrained conditions in the near future and in the long run are set out.By means of calculating optimization， the optimum composition of current land utilization in the near future and in the long run is obtained for the region of the Liaohe Delta.The values of the objective function are obtained from the optimum structure in land utilization in different period times.At the end of the paper,twelve countermeasures are put forward to realize the optimization of the land utilization structure and the sustainable land utilization of the Liaohe Delta.And the steps which ought to be taken for each countermeasure are also put forward.