极板构型对脉冲等离子体推力器性能影响

摘要

The electrode is one of the most important components of the pulsed plasma thruster(PPT),which has great influence on PPT performance.In view of this,the upper limitation of PPT efficiency theoretically was analyzed,and the results showed that the upper limitation of PPT efficiency increases by increasing the flare angle or decreasing the end width of electrodes.And then the impulse bit and the mass bit of different PPTs were measured by varying the flare angle and the end width of electrodes.The experimental results indicated that the flare angle has different effects on mass bit of PPTs for different electrode shapes;effects of flare angle on impulse bit are similar to the effects of flare angle on mass bit for corresponding electrode;the specific impulse increases firstly and then decreases with the increase of flare angle;the influence of electrode shape on the performance of PPTs is different at different flare angles.%极板是脉冲等离子体推力器（PPT）的关键部件之一，极板构型对PPT性能有重要影响。分析表明：保持极板其他参数不变，增大极板张角或减少极板末端宽度都会提高推力器效率的理论上限。以理论分析为指导，分别对采用矩形、梯形和舌形三种形状极板的0°、28°、54°和74°张角共12套极板的PPT性能进行了实验研究，结果表明：对于不同形状的极板，极板张角对PPT性能的影响呈现出不同的规律；元冲量和单脉冲烧蚀质量随极板张角的变化规律基本相同；比冲随极板张角的增大先减小后增大，存在一个转折张角，对于不同形状的极板，其转折张角不同；在不同的极板张角下，极板形状对推力器效率具有不同的影响规律。