国民党“党国外交”体制的形成及其评价

摘要

National Government in Guangzhou initially established the first Party - State system in Chinese history. At the same time, the diplomacy ruled by the KMT Party came to be established. On the one hand, the National Govern- ment adhered to the foreign policy formulated by the KMT Party; on the other hand, the power of diplomacy abides by the administering mode of "double - track system of the Party and the Government". Under this system, Kuomintang Party made diplomatic policy through Political Council of Kuomintang Party, directing the National Government's maneuver about diplomatic issues. The diplomacy ruled by the KMT Party was firsdy implemented during the Hong Kong Great Strike, strongly supporting the Strike and pushing the development of the National Revolution, helping the National Govern- ment in Guangzhou out of difficult position.%广州时期国民党“以党治国”体制初创，“党国外交”体制随之形成，一方面国民政府遵循国民党制订的外交方针，另一方面国民政府的外交权力模式遵循“党政双轨”的运作模式。“党国外交”体制下，国民党通过其最高政治机关“中政会”进行外交决策，指导国民政府从事外交活动。“党国外交”在省港罢工中首次付诸实践，有力地支持了罢工，推动了国民革命的发展，最终使广州国民政府出色地摆脱了困境。此次实践亦暴露了“党国外交”体制的诸多弊端与不足，不仅反映出广州时期“党国外交”体制尚未成熟，更揭示了“党国外交”的先天性困境：缺乏民主监督与党内民主的“党国外交”体制，终将与其最初的理论设计相背离，走向独裁之路。