日俄战争与列宁“一国胜利论”的形成

摘要

Long before the First World War, Lenin realized that dictatorship of proletariat could be established and socialism would finally be put into practice in then backward Russia. In 1904, along with the breakout of Japanese-Rus-sian War, Lenin pointed out the nature of the war, analyzed the advantageous conditions of Russia after the war, proposed the goal of Russian proletarian revolution, and initiated December Uprising in Russia, all of which reveal the “Triumph of One Country Theory” in practice. The interior logic of “Triumph of One Country Theory” originated from the uprising of Paris Commune. Franco-Prussian War caused the uprising of Paris Commune, Japanese-Russian War triggered December Uprising in Russia, and the First World War initiated Russian Revolution, all of which are of the same ideology and revo-lutionary logic. The mature of “Triumph of One Country Theory” by Lenin was formed during Japanese-Russian War.%列宁并非在第一次世界大战期间才认识到，落后的俄国可以建立无产阶级专政并走向社会主义。早在1904年，随着日俄战争爆发，列宁指出了这场战争的性质，分析了战后俄国有利的革命形势，运用革命辩证法提出了俄国无产阶级革命的目标，领导并发动了俄国十二月起义，从而在实践中鲜明地体现了“一国胜利论”的思想。列宁“一国胜利论”的内在逻辑最初来源于巴黎公社起义。普法战争引发巴黎公社起义，日俄战争引发俄国十二月起义，第一次世界大战引发俄国十月革命，三者存在同样的思想方法和革命逻辑。列宁“一国胜利论”实际成熟于日俄战争期间。