洪涝灾害在世界范围内发生频繁，灾情严重，带来损失巨大．对洪涝灾害的评估是认识和管理洪涝灾害的前提和要求．洪涝灾害评估可以分为灾前评估、灾中评估和灾后评估三个阶段．文章聚焦于灾前评估和灾后评估，在界定了相关概念的基础上．从致灾因子、孕灾环境的危险性和承灾体的脆弱性等角度概括了洪涝灾害风险评估的内容，从指标确定、损失计量和等级划分等角度介绍了洪涝灾害损失评估的内容，并列出了主流研究方法．最后，对洪涝灾害评估的未来研究方向作了展望．%Flood and waterlogging disaster is the most common one of all natural hazards in the world, occurring frequently, causing serious results, bringing about a lot of losses. It is the premise as well as the requirements of understanding and managing the disaster to perform an evaluation of flood and waterlogging disaster. There are three aspects of flood and waterlogging disaster assessment in the process of the disaster, including pre-disaster assessment, in-disaster assessment and post-disaster assessment. The paper focuses on pre-disaster assessment and post-disaster assessment, explains some concepts concerning flood and waterlogging disaster, summarizes the contents of its risk assessment from the perspective of the risk of hazard and disaster-generated environment and the vulnerability of disaster bearing body, introduces the main course of its loss assessment from the view of index determination, loss calculation and classification of the disaster, mainstream research methods are presentd. Finally, the tendency of flood disaster assessment research in the future is predicted.
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