区块链中的密码学技术

摘要

区块链是一种全新的分布式基础架构与计算范式,利用有序的链式数据结构存储数据,利用共识算法更新数据,利用密码学技术保障数据安全.在基于区块链的交易中,确保交易的数据安全和客户的隐私是区块链能够进一步发展的必要条件.为此,密码学技术在区块链中得到了广泛的应用.文中从区块链技术基础架构出发,结合比特币、零币、门罗币等数字货币的生成和交易,阐述了哈希函数、Merkle哈希树、数字签名、零知识证明、多方安全计算等密码学技术及其在区块链中的应用等.%The blockchain is a novel distributed infrastructure and computation paradigm.The ordered chain structure is used to store data and a consensus algorithm is used to modify data and cryptography to ensure the data security.In the transactions based on the blockchain,it is the necessary to ensure the data security and protect the clients' privacy.Thus,the cryptography is widely used in the blockchain.Based on the infrastructure of the blockchain,combining with the generation and the transaction of BitCoin,zerocash,Monero,et al.,some cryptography techniques,such as hash function,Merkle hash tree,digital signature,zero-knowledge proof,and multi-party computation,are described.Their applications in the blockchain are given.